NT4103 Biological Nanostructures Syllabus:

NT4103 Biological Nanostructures Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 Impart knowledge on the nanostructures and nanoscale phenomenon in cells.
 To understand the different three-dimensional DNA nanostructures and their uses.
 Familiarize the concepts involved in protein corona with reference to protein nanoparticles and enzyme nanotechnology.
 Acquaint with the glyco-metal, glyco-carbon nanoparticles and their fate.
 Explain the synthesis and applications of lipid-based nanostructures

UNIT I CELLULAR NANOSTRUCTURES

Cellular elements in developing functional nanostructures and nanomaterials–Nanopatterning – Cytoskeletal nano mechanics – Bacterial and viral nanostructured materials – Plant-derived nanostructures: types, evolution and applications – Phytochemicals in the genesis of nanoparticles.

UNIT II DNA NANO ARCHITECTURE

Genome structure and organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes – Structure and function of nucleic acids – The Central Dogma of life – DNA tile assembly, brick assembly, 3D DNA nanostructures – Organic and inorganic DNA nanostructures – DNA aptamer and DNA origami – DNA varieties: A, B, and Z – Applications of DNA nanostructures.

UNIT III PROTEIN AND ENZYME NANOPARTICLES

Proteins: Structure, classification and functions – Protein nanoparticles: Designing, synthesis strategy, ligands used and their applications – Enzymes and Enzyme nanoparticles: properties, structure: Preparation, immobilization, kinetic properties and applications of enzyme nanoparticles in day-day to life– Synzymes, ribozymes.

UNIT IV CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCO NANOPARTICLES

Properties and Function of Carbohydrates– Sugars: disaccharides, trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses – Stereoisomers – Aminosugars, phosphosugars, sugar derivatives, deoxysugars – Oligosaccharides –Polysaccharides – Homo and hetero polysaccharides, amylose, amylopectin, dextrans – starch –Glycogen: synthesis and degradation-glycolysis, TCA cycle, glycosyl moieties, cell wall polysaccharides – cellulose, chitin; Preparation of glyconanoparticles – Applications.

UNIT V LIPIDSAND LIPID BASED NANOPARTICLES

Structure, function and significance of lipids and membrane transport–Membranous nanostructures and their role in cellular traffic –Different types of lipid nanostructures: Preparation, applications – Lipid-based nanomaterials-Lipid-polymer nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO1: Comprehend the nanoscale phenomenon associated with cellular nanostructures
CO2: To reveal the nature of DNA nanostructures like DNA bricks, aptamers and origami
CO3: Design and utilize protein and enzyme based nanostructures
CO4: Classify glycol nanostructures based on their binding ligands
CO5: Have knowledge about membrane transport and membrane based nanostructures and their uses

REFERENCES:

1. Barnard, Amanda S., and HaiboGuo, eds. Nature’s Nanostructures. CRC Press, US, 2012.
2. Stroscio MA and Dutta M, Biological nanostructures and applications of nanostructures in biology: Electrical, Mechanical and Optical properties. Kluwer academic publishers New York, 2004.
3. Iglič, Aleš, Damjana Drobne, and VeronikaKralj-Iglic. Nanostructures in biological systems: theory and applications. CRC Press, US, 2015.
4. Mendes, Paula M., Chun L. Yeung, and Jon A. Preece. “Bio-nanopatterning of surfaces.” Nanoscale research letters 2.8 (2007): 373-384.
5. Häfeli, U. O., R. Arshady, and K. Kono. “Smart Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine-the MML Series.” (2006): 77.
6. Durán, Nelson, et al. “Mechanistic aspects in the biogenic synthesis of extracellular metal nanoparticles by peptides, bacteria, fungi, and plants.” Applied microbiology and biotechnology 90.5 (2011): 1609-1624.
7. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 5th edition, David L Nelson; Michael M Cox. W.H. Freeman Publishers, New York, 2012.
8. E.D.P.DeRobertis, Cell & Molecular Biology, 8th edition, Lippincott publishers, 2010.
9. Lewin Benjamin, Genes, 9th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2007
10. Yonggang Ki, 3D DNA Nanostructure, Humana Press Inc., New York, 2015.
11. Bujold, Katherine E., AurélieLacroix, and Hanadi F. Sleiman. “DNA nanostructures at the interface with biology.” Chem 4.3 (2018): 495-521.
12. Nanomechanical Devices Based on DNA, Christof M. Niemeyer and Michael Adler, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, No. 20, 3779-83
13. Hawkins, Michael J., Patrick Soon-Shiong, and Neil Desai. “Protein nanoparticles as drug carriers in clinical medicine.” Advanced drug delivery reviews 60.8 (2008): 876-885.
14. Pundir, Chandra S. Enzyme nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, properties and applications. William Andrew, UK, 2015.
15. Carlos Aelman, Peptide Materials: From Nanostuctures to Applications, Wiley UK, 2013.
16. Luigi Sasso, Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures: Advances and Applications in Nanobiotechnology. Pan Stanford Publishing, US, 2012.
17. Keith J. Stine, Carbohydrate Nanotechnology, Wiley, New Jersey, 2015.
18. Reichardt, Niels C., Manuel Martín-Lomas, and Soledad Penadés. “Glyco nanotechnology.” Chemical Society Reviews 42.10 (2013): 4358-4376.
19. Tresset, Guillaume. “The multiple faces of self-assembled lipidic systems.” PMC biophysics 2.1 (2009): 1-25.
20. Gordillo-Galeano, Aldemar, and Claudia Elizabeth Mora-Huertas. “Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review emphasizing on particle structure and drug release.” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 133 (2018): 285-308. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/118/106/118106019/