MX4101 Biomedical Instrumentation and Equipment Syllabus:

MX4101 Biomedical Instrumentation and Equipment Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 Study about the different bio potential and electrodes for its measurement.
 Understand the biosignal characteristics and the electrode placement for recording.
 Familiarize the different signal conditioning circuits.
 Learn the different measurement techniques for non-electrical parameters.
 Familiarize the different biochemical measurements.

UNIT I BIO POTENTIAL ELECTRODES

Origin of bio potential and its propagation. Electrode-electrolyte interface, electrode–skin interface, half-cell potential, impedance, polarization effects of electrode – non polarizable electrodes. Types of electrodes – surface, needle and micro electrodes and their equivalent circuits. Biochemical-and Transcutaneous- electrodes: pH, pO2, pCO2.

UNIT II ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS

Biosignals characteristics – frequency and amplitude ranges. ECG – Einthoven’s triangle, standard 12 lead system. EEG – 10-20 electrode system, unipolar, bipolar and average mode. EMG– unipolar and bipolar mode. Recording of ERG, EOG and EGG.

UNIT III BIOAMPLIFIERS

Need for bio-amplifier – single ended bio-amplifier, differential bio-amplifier, Impedance matching circuit, isolation amplifiers – transformer and optical isolation – isolated DC amplifier and AC carrier amplifier., Power line interference, Right leg driven ECG amplifier, Band pass filtering

UNIT IV MEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

Temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate measurements. Blood Pressure: indirect methods – Auscultatory method, oscillometric method, direct methods: electronic manometer, Pressure amplifiers, Systolic, diastolic, mean detector circuit. Blood flow and cardiac output measurement: Indicator dilution, thermal dilution and dye dilution method, Electromagnetic and ultrasound blood flow measurement

UNIT V BIO-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT

Ion selective Field effect Transistor (ISFET), Immunologically sensitive FET (IMFET), Blood glucose sensors, Blood gas analyzers – colorimeter, Sodium Potassium Analyser, spectrophotometer, blood cell counter, auto analyzer (simplified schematic description) – Bio Sensors – Principles – Amperometric and Voltometric techniques.

TOTAL:45 PERIODS

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES:

1: Demonstration on various electrodes and study of its characteristics
2: Demonstration about ECG, EEG, ERG, EOG & EGG
3: Design of amplifiers for ECG, EMG, EEG, EGG & EOG
4: Conduct experiments to measure BP, SpO2, Heart Rate, Body temperature
5: Conduct experiments to measure Blood Glucose, Blood cell counts

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the origin of bio potentials and electrodes for its measurement.
CO2: Describe the biosignal characteristics and the electrode placement for various physiological recording
CO3: Design bio amplifier for various physiological recording.
CO4: Perform various techniques for measuring non-electrical parameters.
CO5: Apply different techniques for biochemical measurements.

REFERENCES:

1. John G. Webster, Amit J. Nimunkar, Medical Instrumentation application and design – 5th Edition, (An Indian Adaptation), Wiley India, 2021.
2. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology”, edition, 2015. Pearson education, 2012
3. Leslie Cromwell, ―Biomedical Instrumentation and measurement, Prentice hall of India, New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2015.
4. Myer Kutz, “Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering & Design”, McGraw Hill, 2003.
5. KhandpurR.S, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 3rd edition, 2014.