MX4006 Ultra Sound in Medicines Syllabus:
MX4006 Ultra Sound in Medicines Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To understand ultrasound principles and explain the basic physical properties of ultrasound
To describe the indications of ultrasound, particularly in the evaluation of disease
To describe the advantages and limitations of Ultrasound compared to other imaging modalities.
To describe various types of ultrasound-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
To Describe the normal ultrasound anatomy of various organs and recognize the ultrasound characteristics of various pathologic conditions
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
History – Role of Ultrasound in Medical Imaging – Stress And Strain Relationships – Acoustic Wave Equation – Acoustic Properties of Biological Tissues – Doppler Effect. – Continuous mode and pulsed mode. Measurement of ultrasonic energy, Manipulation of ultrasonic beam – Beam profile and intensity distribution in different axes.
UNIT II ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCERS
Piezoelectric Effect – Properties of Important Piezoelectric Materials – Ultrasonic Transducers – Acoustic Properties of Transducer Materials – Transducer Beam Characteristics.
UNIT III GRAY-SCALE ULTRASONIC IMAGING
A (Amplitude)-Mode – B (Brightness)-Mode Imaging – Beam Forming – Speckle – Image Quality – M-Mode – C-Mode – Ultrasound Computed Tomography. Scan converters, Signal processing, signal controls- TGC, Flares and acoustic shadows, artefact
UNIT IV DOPPLER FLOW MEASUREMENTS
Non-directional CW Flow Meters – Directional Doppler Flow Meters – Pulsed Doppler Flow Meters – Techniques for direction detection – Envelope Fluctuation Methods, Phase Tracking Methods -Clinical Applications And Doppler Indices – fetal heart rate detection, blood flow detection using Doppler signal and imaging technique. Color Doppler Flow Imaging – Elasticity Imaging – Intravascular imaging
UNIT V BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND APPLICATIONS
Acoustic Phenomena at High-Intensity Levels – Ultrasound Bioeffects: Mechanical Effects and Index – Ultrasound Therapy – Hyperthermia – High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound – – Lithotripsy – Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging. Ultrasonic diagnosis in Abdomen, Breast, Thyroid, Heart, Chest, Eye, Kidney, Skull, Pregnant and Non Pregnant uterus, 3-Dimensional Ultrasonic Imaging of the Fetus, Advantages and Limitations of 3-Dimensional Ultrasound
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand the basic principle of Ultrasound in biomedical engineering
CO2: Identify and use appropriate transducers based on their characteristics
CO3: Understand the principles of gray scale imaging
CO4: Identify various Doppler flow measurements
CO5: Understand the different applications of ultrasound in biomedical field
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES
1. Brain M Dale, Mark A. Brown, Richard C. Semelka , “MRI Basic Principles and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, 2015
2. Vincent Perrin, “MRI Techniques”, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2013.
3. Catherine Westbrook , “Handbook of MRI Technique”, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, 2013
4. Govind B Chavhan , “MRI made easy (for Beginners)”, Jaypee, New Delhi, 2013