BY4002 Plant Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Syllabus:
BY4002 Plant Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To impart knowledge on organization of plant genomes and functional characterization of genes.
2 To impart knowledge on molecular mechanism of plant-microbe interactions
3 To impart knowledge on tissue culture, transformation techniques and transgenic plants
4 To impart knowledge on plant genetic engineering and applications
5 To impart knowledge on plant functional genomics and genome editing
UNIT I PLANT GENOME AND GENE EXPRESSION
Plant genome organization – Arabidopsis and Rice nuclear genome, Endosymbiotic theory – Chloroplast and mitochondrial genome organization, Cytoplasmic male sterility; RNA editing, Regulation of gene expression, epigenetic regulations, protein targeting
UNIT II TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
Introduction to plant tissue culture, tissue culture media; Micropropagation; production of artificial seeds; Double haploid production by androgenesis and gynogenesis; triploid production by endosperm culture; Cell Suspension cultures; protoplast isolation and regeneration, somatic hybridization and cybridization; clonal variation for crop improvement; Cryopreservation; Hairy root cultures, synthetic seed technology
UNIT III PLANT MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Types of plant microbe interactions- Pathogens, endophytes and symbionts: Molecular basis of plant pathogen interactions, gene-for-gene interactions, mechanism of pathogenesis in plants (Bacterial and fungal pathogens) – Pathogen effector molecules, Overview of plant immunity and defense-Plant defense mechanisms- preformed defense, induced defense, Plant resistant proteins, PR- proteins. Agrobacterium biology –Ti plasmid and T-DNA transfer, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by Rhizobia- Molecular biology and biochemistry of nitrogen fixation, nif, nod genes, nitrogenase function
UNIT IV PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING
Methods of transformation- Microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium mediated transformation, cointegrate and binary vectors, Plant selectable markers, reporter genes, marker-free plants, transgenic plants for crop improvement-disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance, FlavrSavr Tomato, Golden rice, Bt. cotton, Roundup- ready crops, metabolic engineering and molecular pharming (Edible vaccines).
UNIT V PLANT FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND GENOME EDITING
Plant functional genomics-Reverse genetics technique, Forward Genetics-T-DNA tagging, Transposon tagging, Activation tagging, Entrapment tagging, RNAi, gene targeting by homologous recombination in plants, Targeted genome engineering Zinc Finger Nucleases, TALENS, CrispR Cas9 system
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, the students will be able
CO1 To acquire basic knowledge on organization of plant genome and regulation of gene expression
CO2 Be able to explain the molecular basis of plant microbe interactions
CO3 Get acquainted with the principles and practice of tissue culture techniques
CO4 Become proficient in designing experiments for development of transgenic plants to increase the yield
CO5 Gain knowledge on high throughput functional genomics and genome editing tools
REFERENCES:
1. Slater A., Nigel W.S., “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation of Plants”, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2008.
2. Mantell S.H., Mathews J.A., Mickee R.A., “Principles of Plant Biotechnology: An Introduction to
Genetic Engineering in Plants” Blackwell Scientific Publication, 1st Edition, 1985.
3. Dodds J.H., “Plant Genetic Engineering”, Cambridge University Press, 1st Edition, 2012.
4. Gamburg O.L., Philips G.C., “Plant Tissue & Organ Culture fundamental Methods”, Narosa Publications, 2000.
5. Buchanan B., Gruissem W., Jones R., “Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants”, Wiley Blackwell, 2nd Edition, 2015.
6. Heldt H.W., Piechulla B., “Plant Biochemistry”, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition, 2007.
7. Robert H. Smith, “Plant tissue culture: Techniques and Experiments”, Academic Press Inc;3rd edition, 2013