Frequency Response: The graph of voltage gain versus frequency for an amplifier.

Free electron or Conduction-band electron: One that is loosely held by an atom. Also known as a conduction-band electron because it travels in a large…

Forward bias: Applying an external voltage to overcome the barrier potential.

Foldback Current Limiting: Simple current limiting allows the load current to reach a maximum value while the load voltage is reduced to zero. Foldback current…

FM demodulator: A phase-locked loop (PLL) used as a circuit that recovers the modulating signal from the FM wave.

Floating Load: This is a load that has nonzero node voltages on each end. You can spot it on a schematic diagram by the fact…

Flag: A voltage that indicates an event has taken place. Typically, a low voltage means the event has not occurred, while a high voltage means…

555 timer: A widely used circuit that can run in either of two modes: monostable and astable. In monostable, it can produce accurate time delays,…

Field-effect Transistor: A transistor that depends on the action of an electric field to control its conductivity.

FET Colpitts oscillator: An FET oscillator in which the feedback signal is applied to the gate.

Experimental Formula: A formula or an equation discovered through experiment or observation. It represents an existing law in nature.

Error Voltage: The voltage between the two input terminals of an op amp. It is identical to the differential input voltage of the op amp.

Epitaxial Layer: A thin, deposited crystal layer that forms a portion of the electrical structure of certain semiconductors and integrated circuits.

Enhancement-mode MOSFET: A FET with an insulated gate that relies on an inversion layer to control its conductivity.

Emitter Follower: Identical to a CC amplifier. The name emitter follower caught on because it better describes the action. The ac emitter voltage follows the…