AR3303 Climate and Built Environment Syllabus:

AR3303 Climate and Built Environment Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021

OBJECTIVES

 To introduce climate and concept of human comfort.
 To inform about the effects of sky and sun on the earth and building.
 To inform about the effects of wind and air with respect to siting and design of buildings.
 To inform about principles of day lighting in architecture.
 To understand architecture as a response to environment in totality, including climate, sun, sky, wind, lighting, vegetation, microclimate.

UNIT I CLIMATE, HUMAN COMFORT AND HEAT

Climate and Civilisation. Components and characteristics of climate. Classification of climate for building designers in tropics. Human body heat balance and heat loss. Effects of climatic factors on human body heat loss. Effective temperature, human thermal comfort. Use of C. Mahoney’s tables.

UNIT II BUILDING RESPONSE TO SUN AND SKY

Movement of sun. Locating the position of sun. Sun path diagram. Azimuth and altitude angles. Overheated period. Solar shading. Shadow angles. Exercise in the design of shading devices through models/ calculations/ drawings/ software.
Concepts and principles of daylight in buildings- transmission, reflection, glare, daylight factor, room proportion, opening size and distribution.

UNIT III HEAT FLOW THROUGH BUILDING ENVELOPE- CONCEPTS

The transfer of heat through solids. Definitions- Conductivity, Resistivity, Specific heat, Conductance, Resistance and Thermal capacity. Surface resistance and air cavities. Air to air transmittance (U value). Time lag and decrement. Material qualities of envelopes.
Exercise involving heat flow through building envelope involving calculations. Demonstration of software for design analysis.

UNIT IV AIR MOVEMENT AND BUILDINGS

The wind. The effects of topography on wind patterns. Air currents around building. Air movement through buildings. The use of fans. Thermally induced air currents – Stack effect, Venturi effect, scoop, court yards.
Exercise exploring air movement in architecture with physical models. Demonstration of simulation through software.

UNIT V ENVIRONMENT AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

Design strategies in warm humid climates, hot humid climates, hot and dry climates and cold climates.
Understanding through case studies and site visits.

OUTCOME

 An understanding of climate, comfort and heat balance in human beings.
 An understanding of material effects in buildings.
 Ability to conceptually design buildings considering the effect of sun and wind on buildings.

TEXTBOOKS

1. O.H. Koenigsberger and Others, ‘Manual of Tropical Housing and Building- Climatic Design’, Orient Longman, Madras, India, 2010.
2. Bureau of Indian Standards IS 3792, ‘Hand book on Functional Requirements of Buildings other than Industrial Buildings- Part I – IV’, New Delhi,1987.
3. Benjamin H. Evans, ‘Day lighting in Architecture’, Mcgraw Hill, 1981.

REFERENCES

1. Martin Evans, ‘Housing Climate and Comfort’, Architectural Press, London, 1980.
2. B. Givoni, Man, ‘Climate and Architecture’, Architectural Sciences Series, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London, 1981.
3. B. Givoni, ‘Passive and Low Energy Cooling of building’, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NewYork,1994.
4. Galloe Salam and Sayigh A.M.M, ‘Architecture, Comfort and Energy’, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford,1998.
5. Arvind Krishnan, Szokolay et.al, ‘Climate Responsive Architecture- A Design Handbook for Energy Efficient Buildings’, Tata McGraw Hill, 2017.