BM4202 Biomaterials and Biomechanics Syllabus:

BM4202 Biomaterials and Biomechanics Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To introduce concepts of materials, surface and tissue placement in biomaterial functions
 To understand diverse elements controlling biological responses to materials
 To get the clear understanding of application of mechanics in medicine.
 To study the properties of blood, bone and soft tissues like articular cartilage tendons and ligaments
 To gain necessary knowledge about accident and injuries.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO BIOMATERIALS

Definition of biomaterials, Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and Biomimetic Materials, Composites. mechanical properties, surface chemistry of materials, surface modification, Tissue Reaction, Wound Kinetics, Bio Compatibility, Material preparation, Properties, uses in medicine and biosciences and failure mechanisms.

UNIT II STERLIZATION AND TESTING OF BIOMATERIALS

Sterilization techniques. ETO, gamma radiation, autoclaving. Effects of sterilization on material properties. Testing with Tissue Culture – in vitro and in vivo assessment of biocompatibility, testing with Soft Tissues and testing at non Thrombogenic surface – blood compatibility and thromo bogenicity, ISO 10993- standard for assessment of biocompatibility.

UNIT III TISSUE AND FLUID BIOMECHANICS

Hard Tissues: Structure, composition & mechanical properties of bone, cortical and cancellous bones, viscoelastic properties, Maxwell & Voight models – anisotropy. Electrical properties of bone, type of fractures, biomechanics of fracture healing. Soft Tissues: Structure and functions of Soft Tissues: Cartilage, Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle; Material Properties: Cartilage, Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle; Modeling: Cartilage, Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle.
Newton’s law, stress, strain, elasticity, Hooke’s law, viscosity, Newtonian fluid, Non- Newtonian fluid, viscoelastic fluids, Vascular tree. Relationship between diameters, Velocity and pressure of blood flow, Resistance against flow

UNIT IV MOVEMENT BIOMECHANICS AND IMPLANTS

Gait analysis, body & limbs: mass & motion characteristics actions, forces transmitted by joints. Joints forces results in the normal & disable human body, normal & fast gait on the level. Patterns: Push/Throw Continuum Biomechanics of push – like motions, Biomechanics of throw – like motions. General concepts of Implants, classification of implants, Soft tissue replacements and Hard tissue replacements, basic consideration and limitation of tissue replacement, Design of orthopedic implant, specifications for a prosthetic joint, fixation of implants.

UNIT V CARDIAC & RESPIRATORY MECHANICS

Cardiovascular system, Mechanical properties of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins. artificial heart valves, biological and mechanical valves development, testing of valves. Alveoli mechanics, Interaction of blood and lung, P-V curve of lung, Breathing mechanism, Airway resistance, Physics of lung diseases.

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES:

1: Stress-strain analysis of hip prosthesis
2: Estimation of haemo compatibility of biomaterials by hemolysis studies
3: Measurement of torque required to tap and screwing in jaw bone.
4: Determination of moment of inertia of human limb using dynamometer.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO1: Analyze different types of materials and apply in designing a device.
CO2: Select the materials for designing an implants in tissue replacement.
CO3: To get the clear understanding of application of mechanics in medicine.
CO4: To study the properties of blood, bone and soft tissues like articular cartilage tendons and ligaments
CO5: Acquired a conceptual and theoretical framework of the design, development, and implementation of orthopedic implants.

TOTAL:45 PERIODS

REFERENCES

1. Jonathan Black, Biological Performance of Materials- Fundamentals of bio compatibility, 4th Edition, CRC Press 2005.
2. Larry L. Hench and Julian R. Jones, Biomaterials, Artificial organs, and Tissue Engineering, 2005.
3. Y. C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical properties in living tissues, Springer Verlag, New York 1981.
4. Susan J. Hall, Basics Bio Mechanics 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, 2002.
5. Subrata pal, Text book of Biomechanics, Viva education private limited, 2009.
6. C. R Ethier and C. A. Simmons, Biomechanics from cells to organisms, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
7. D. Dawson and Right, Introduction to Bio-mechanics of joints and joint replacement, Mechanical Engineering, publications Ltd. 1989.
8. Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, Jack E. Lemons, Biomaterial Science; An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2004.