PA4003 Additives and Compounding Syllabus:
PA4003 Additives and Compounding Syllabus – Anna University PG Syllabus Regulation 2021
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To know about various additives like Lubricants, Fillers, Fibres, flame retardants, colourants, anti-oxidants, UV-stabilizers, plasticizers, anti-blocking agents, Nucleating agents, Flow promoters, Anti static agents etc.
To understand the functions of each of these additives, technical requirements, types & mechanism, and their effective evaluation are dealt with in this subject.
To select suitable plastics material compounding and mixing techniques like two roll milling, internal blender, single / twin screw extruder, etc.
To understand the mechanism of degradation of polymers and stabilizing additives.
To know the various compounding methodologies for plastics materials and learn the maintenance of compounding machinery.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ADDITIVES
Introduction-Chemistry and Mechanism- Selection Criteria-Selection of Polymers and Compounding ingredients-General objectives-possibilities and limitations of mixing and compounding. General effect on Properties-Evaluation and functions of additives.
UNIT II ADDITIVES
Fillers and Reinforcement– Antioxidants-Thermal Stabilisers, Ultraviolet stabilizer– Impact Modifiers/ toughening agents. Colourants-Fire retardants-Coupling agents-blowing agents Plasticizers- Antistatic agents-Anti blocking agents-Slip and antislip agents-processing aids – Lubricants- mould releasing agents Additives for recycling.
UNIT III COMPOUNDING EQUIPMENTS
Methods of incorporation of additives into polymer materials. Mixing and mixing equipment’s. Principles- Operating characteristics- Machine construction-Specifications -Process control systems and working details of Batch mixers and continuous mixers–High speed mixer -Two roll mill-Banbury Mixer–Ribbon blender – Planetary mixers-Single Screw extruder-Twin Screw extruder.
UNIT IV FORMULATIONS AND TECHNIQUES
Compounding of PVC, Rubber, Polyolefins, Biodegradable plastics, Engineering plastics. Alloys and blend production – color, filler, reinforcement compounding. Reactive extrusion.
UNIT V END USE MARKET FOR PLASTICS
Case studies on material suitability (e.g., Plastic Gears, Feeding Bottle, Bowels for microwave ovens). Survey and uses of plastics with reasons for their importance in major industries like Agriculture, Packaging, Building, Transport, Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunications, Medical and Furniture.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
CO1 Understand the fundamental of additives
CO2 Select the suitable additive as per requirement.
CO3 Identify the suitable compounding techniques to make different grades of Plastics compounds
CO4 Formulate the compound to solve the environmental related problems.
CO5 Learn about various applications of Plastics by using different additives.
REFERENCES:
1. Murali srinivasan, Natamai S. Introduction to Polymer Compounding, Volume 2: Machinery and Technology. , 2015.
2. Murphy, John. Additives for Plastics Handbook. Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2003.
3. Enrique Saldívar-Guerra and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima,Polymer Additives,2013
4. Zweifel,H.,Maier,R.,Schiller,M.Plastics Additives Handbook,2009
5. Plastics Additives- Geoffrey Pritchard, Springer-1998.